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Darwin Mac Os X 10.5 Iso Download

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Darwin (operating organisation)

Darwin
Hexley the Platypus, a cartoon platypus standing, holding a trident and wearing a hat
Company / developer Apple Inc.
Programmed in C, C++
OS family Unix
Working land Current
Source model Open up source
Latest stable release xiii.0.0 [edit] (June 11, 2012) [±]
Latest unstable release [±]
Supported platforms PowerPC, x86, ARM
Kernel type Hybrid
Default user interface Control-line interface
License Mostly Apple Public Source License, with proprietary drivers [1]
Official website Apple - Open Source

Darwin is an open source POSIX-compliant computer operating organisation released by Apple Inc. in 2000. It is equanimous of code developed by Apple, every bit well as lawmaking derived from NeXTSTEP, BSD, and other free software projects.

Darwin forms the cadre set of components upon which Mac OS Ten and iOS are based. It is compatible with the Single UNIX Specification version three (SUSv3) and POSIX UNIX applications and utilities. [2] [3] [iv]

History

Darwin's heritage began with NeXT's NeXTSTEP operating organization (later known as OPENSTEP), get-go released in 1989. After Apple bought NeXT in 1997, it announced it would base its adjacent operating arrangement on OPENSTEP. This was developed into Rhapsody in 1997 and the Rhapsody-based Mac Bone X Server 1.0 in 1999. In 2000, Rhapsody was forked into Darwin and released as open up-source software nether the Apple Public Source License (APSL), and components from Darwin are present in Mac OS X today.

Upwards to Darwin 8.0.ane, Apple tree released a binary installer (every bit an ISO image) after each major Mac OS X release that allowed one to install Darwin on PowerPC and Intel x86 computers as a standalone operating system. Minor updates were released as packages that were installed separately. Darwin is at present but available equally source code, [5] except for the ARM variant, which has non been released in whatsoever form separately from iOS. However, the older versions of Darwin are still available in binary form.

Design

Kernel

Darwin is built around XNU, a hybrid kernel that combines the Mach 3 microkernel, various elements of BSD (including the process model, network stack, and virtual file system), [half-dozen] and an object-oriented device driver API chosen I/O Kit. [7] The hybrid kernel design compromises betwixt the flexibility of a microkernel and the functioning of a monolithic kernel.

Hardware and software support

Darwin currently includes support for the 64-scrap variant of the Intel x86 processors used in the Mac as well equally the 32-bit ARM processors used in the iPhone, iPod Affect, iPad and the 2d and third generation Apple TV. An open-source port of the XNU kernel exists which supports Darwin on Intel and AMD x86 platforms non officially supported by Apple, although it does non appear to have been updated since 2009. [eight]

It supports the POSIX API by way of its BSD lineage and a big number of programs written for various other UNIX-like systems tin can exist compiled on Darwin with no changes to the source lawmaking.

Darwin does not include many of the defining elements of Mac OS X, such as the Carbon and Cocoa APIs or the Quartz Compositor and Aqua user interface, and thus cannot run Mac applications. It does, however, support a number of lesser known features of Mac OS X, such as mDNSResponder, which is the multicast DNS responder and a core component of the Bonjour networking engineering, and launchd, an advanced service management framework.

License

In July 2003, Apple released Darwin nether version two.0 of the Apple Public Source License (APSL), which is approved as a free software license by the Costless Software Foundation (FSF). Previous versions had been released under an earlier version of the APSL license, which did not meet the FSF'southward definition of free software, although it met the requirements of the Open Source Definition.

Mascot

Darwin (operating system) logo - Hexley the Platypus.png

The Darwin developers decided to adopt a mascot in 2000, and chose Hexley the Platypus, over other contenders, such as an Aqua Darwin fish, Clarus the Dogcow, and an orca. Hexley is a cartoon platypus who usually wears a cap resembling a demon's horns. He carries a trident, like to the BSD Daemon, to symbolize the daemon's forking of processes. Hexley was designed by Jon Hooper. Apple does not sanction Hexley as a logo for Darwin. [9]

Hexley'south name was a mistake: information technology was originally supposed to exist named after Thomas Henry Huxley, a 19th century English language biologist who was a well-known champion of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution (nicknamed "Darwin's bulldog"). However, ignorance led not only to a fault in Huxley's name, but who he was idea to be. The developers patently thought he was but Darwin's assistant, when in fact he was a prominent biologist in his own correct. By the time the mistake had been discovered, it was deemed likewise belatedly to change, and the wrong name "Hexley" was kept. [10]

Release history

This is a table of major Darwin releases with their dates of release and their corresponding Mac OS X releases. [xi] Note that the respective Mac Os X release may take been released on a dissimilar appointment; refer to the Mac Os X pages for those dates.

Version Date Corresponding releases Notes
0.i March xvi, 1999 Mac OS X DP1 0.1 is contrived (for sorting and identification) equally this identified itself only as Mac Os 10.0
0.2 November ten, 1999 Mac OS X DP2
i.0 February 2000 Mac Os X DP3
1.i April five, 2000 Mac OS X DP4
1.2.1 Nov 15, 2000 Mac Os 10 Public Beta Code named "Kodiak"
i.3.1 Apr thirteen, 2001 Mac Os X v10.0 First commercial release of Darwin
ane.three.ane June 21, 2001 Mac OS X v10.0.4 All releases of "Cheetah" (10.0–10.0.iv) had the aforementioned version of Darwin
1.4.1 October 2, 2001 Mac OS 10 v10.1 Performance improvements to "boot time, real-time threads, thread direction, cache flushing, and preemption handling," support for SMB network file system, Wget replaced with curlicue. [12]
5.1 November 12, 2001 Mac Bone X v10.1.1 Change in numbering scheme to match Mac Bone X build numbering scheme (east.g., Mac OS X v10.1 contains build numbers starting with 5 so Mac Os X v10.one.1 is now based on Darwin 5.1; i.east., 10.1 means 5 so 10.1.1 means 5.1, etc.)
five.5 June 5, 2002 Mac OS X v10.1.5 Last release of "Puma"
6.0.1 September 23, 2002 Mac OS X v10.2 (Darwin 6.0.2) GCC upgraded from ii to 3.1, IPv6 and IPSec back up, mDNSResponder service discovery daemon (Rendezvous), add-on of CUPS, Scarlet, and Python, journaling support in HFS+ (Darwin six.2), application profiles ("pre-rut files") for faster program launching. [13]
6.8 October 3, 2003 Mac OS X v10.2.8 Last release of "Jaguar"
7.0 October 24, 2003 Mac OS 10 v10.3 BSD layer synchronized with FreeBSD 5, automatic file defragmentation, hot-file clustering, and optional case sensitivity in HFS+, fustigate instead of tcsh as default beat out, read-just NTFS back up (Darwin 7.9). [14]
7.9 Apr 15, 2005 Mac OS X v10.3.ix Last release of "Panther"
viii.0 April 29, 2005 Mac Os X v10.4
Mac Bone X for Apple TV (Darwin 8.8.2) 		Stable kernel programming interface, finer-grained kernel locking, 64-fleck BSD layer, launchd service management framework, extended file attributes, admission control lists, commands such as cp and mv updated to preserve extended attributes and resource forks. [xv]
8.11 Nov 14, 2007 Mac Bone Ten v10.iv.11 Final release of "Tiger"
9.0 October 26, 2007 iPhone Bone i (Darwin ix.0.0d1)
Mac Os X v10.5 		Full POSIX compliance, improved hierarchical process scheduling model, dynamically allocated bandy files, dynamic resource limits (for files and processes), process sandboxing, address space layout randomization, DTrace tracing framework, file arrangement events daemon, directory hard links, Apache 1.3 and PHP 4 updated to Apache two.2 and PHP five, read-only ZFS support. [16]
ix.8 August 5, 2009 Mac Os X v10.v.viii Last release of "Leopard"
10.0 August 28, 2009 Mac Bone X v10.half-dozen
iOS 4 		End of official support for PowerPC architecture (although several fatty binaries, such as Kernel, still contain PPC images); 64-bit kernel and drivers, libdispatch chore parallelization framework, OpenCL heterogeneous computing framework, support for blocks in C, transparent file compression in HFS+. [17]
10.8 June 23, 2011 Mac OS X v10.half-dozen.eight Last release of "Snow Leopard"
11.0.0 July 20, 2011 Mac Bone X v10.7

iOS five [18]

XNU no longer supports PPC binaries (fat binary only for i386, x86_64). XNU requires an x86_64 processor. Improved sandboxing of applications
11.four.0 February 1, 2012 Mac OS 10 v10.7.4 "Lion"
11.4.two Oct 4, 2012 Mac OS X v10.vii.5 "Latest version of Lion, supplemental"
12.0.0 February 16, 2012 Os X v10.8 Code named "Mountain Lion"; the give-and-take "Mac" has been dropped from the name
13.0.0 June eleven, 2012 iOS 6 Unknown as to why iOS half dozen uses Darwin 13 instead of Darwin 12.

The jump in version numbers from Darwin 1.4.ane to 5.1 with the release of Mac OS Ten v10.1.1 was designed to tie Darwin to the Mac Bone X version and build numbering arrangement. In the build numbering arrangement of Mac OS X, every version has a unique beginning build number, which identifies what whole version of Mac Bone X information technology is office of. Mac Os 10 v10.0 had build numbers starting with 4, 10.1 had build numbers starting with five, and so along (before build numbers represented developer releases). The point release number in the Darwin version is always the same as the 2nd point number in the Mac Os X version. In the example of Mac Os Ten v10.i.1 (the version where the jump in version numbers was made), this was build 5M28 and the 10.1.1 release, from which a version number of 5.1 was derived. [nineteen]

The command uname -r in Terminal will show the Darwin version number, and the command uname -v will evidence the XNU build version string, which includes the Darwin version number.

Derived projects

Due to the free software nature of Darwin, at that place are many projects that aim to modify or raise the operating organization.

OpenDarwin

GNOME running on OpenDarwin.

OpenDarwin was a community-led operating system based on the Darwin system. It was founded in April 2002 by Apple Inc. and Cyberspace Systems Consortium. Its goal was to increase collaboration betwixt Apple tree developers and the free software customs. Apple benefited from the project because improvements to OpenDarwin would be incorporated into Darwin releases; and the free/open source customs supposedly benefited from existence given complete control over its own operating system, which could then be used in gratuitous software distributions such equally GNU-Darwin. [20]

On July 25, 2006, the OpenDarwin team announced that the projection was shutting down, equally they felt OpenDarwin had "become a mere hosting facility for Mac Os X related projects," and that the efforts to create a standalone Darwin operating system had failed. They as well state: "Availability of sources, interaction with Apple representatives, difficulty edifice and tracking sources, and a lack of interest from the customs have all contributed to this." [21] The last stable release was version 7.2.1, released on July 16, 2004.[ citation needed ]

PureDarwin

In 2007, the PureDarwin project was launched to continue where OpenDarwin left off, and is currently working to produce a release based on Darwin 9. There is a programmer preview available, called "PureDarwin XMas", based on Darwin ix. This release has X11, DTrace, and ZFS. [22] PureDarwin nano is another release of PureDarwin that is supposed to be minimalistic.

Other

Encounter too

Portal icon Free software portal

References

  1. ^ "Binary Drivers required for PureDarwin" . http://www.puredarwin.org/legal/binarydrivers . Retrieved 2009-07-twenty.
  2. ^ "Mac OS X Leopard - Engineering - UNIX". Leopard Applied science Overview. Apple Inc.. Archived from the original on 2008-12-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20081227000710/http://www.apple.com/macosx/technology/unix.html . "Leopard is now an Open Brand UNIX 03 Registered Product, conforming to the SUSv3 and POSIX 1003.1 specifications for the C API, Shell Utilities, and Threads."
  3. ^ The Open Group (May eighteen, 2007). "Mac Bone X Version 10.5 Leopard on Intel-based Macintosh computers certification" . http://world wide web.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/brand3555.htm . Retrieved 2013-02-11.
  4. ^ The Open Group (July 10, 2012). "Mac Os 10 Version x.8 Mount Panthera leo on Intel-based Macintosh computers certification" . http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/annals/brand3591.htm . Retrieved 2013-02-11.
  5. ^ Hubbard, Hashemite kingdom of jordan (October 31, 2007). "Re: Darwin 9.0 Source Code Available."". darwinos-users mailing list . http://lists.apple.com/archives/Darwinos-users/2007/Oct/msg00006.html . Retrieved 2007-xi-27.
  6. ^ "Mac Technology Overview: Kernel and Device Drivers Layer". Apple Developer Connexion. http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/OSX_Technology_Overview/SystemTechnology/SystemTechnology.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001067-CH207-BCICAIFJ . Retrieved 2013-02-11.
  7. ^ Singh, Amit (Jan 7, 2004). "XNU: The Kernel" . http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/ancient/whatismacosx/arch_xnu.html . Retrieved 2013-02-xi.
  8. ^ "Voodoo XNU Kernel" . http://code.google.com/p/xnu-dev/ .
  9. ^ Hooper, Jon. "Homepage of Hexley the DarwinOS mascot" . http://www.hexley.com/ . Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  10. ^ Hooper, Jon. "Hexley Darwin Mascot History" . http://world wide web.hexley.com/history.html . Retrieved 2008-eleven-30.
  11. ^ "Open up Source Releases". Apple Programmer Connection. http://www.opensource.apple.com . Retrieved 2013-02-xi.
  12. ^ "Technical Note TN2029: Mac OS X v10.1". Apple Programmer Connection. Archived from the original on 2001-11-14. http://web.archive.org/spider web/20011114205940/http://programmer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn2029.html .
  13. ^ Siracusa, John (September 5, 2002). "Mac OS Ten 10.2 Jaguar". Ars Technica . http://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/macosx-10-two.ars . Retrieved 2008-05-31.
  14. ^ Siracusa, John (November 9, 2003). "Mac Os 10 10.3 Panther". Ars Technica . http://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/macosx-10-3.ars . Retrieved 2008-05-31.
  15. ^ Siracusa, John (Apr 28, 2005). "Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger". Ars Technica . http://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/macosx-x-4.ars . Retrieved 2008-05-30.
  16. ^ Siracusa, John (October 28, 2007). "Mac OS X x.5 Leopard: the Ars Technica review". Ars Technica . http://arstechnica.com/reviews/bone/mac-os-10-x-five.ars . Retrieved 2008-05-xxx.
  17. ^ Siracusa, John (Baronial 31, 2009). "Mac Os X x.half-dozen Snow Leopard: the Ars Technica review". Ars Technica . http://arstechnica.com/apple/reviews/2009/08/mac-bone-10-10-6.ars . Retrieved 2009-11-29.
  18. ^ As found on a jailbroken iPhone 4S
  19. ^ Prabhakar, Ernie (November 9, 2001). "Darwin Version - New Scheme in Software Update one". darwin-development mailing list . http://lists.apple.com/archives/darwin-evolution/2001/November/msg00189.html . Retrieved 2008-06-02.
  20. ^ "OpenDarwin". OpenDarwin Project. Archived from the original on 2006-01-06. http://web.archive.org/web/20060106092328/http://world wide web.opendarwin.org/ .
  21. ^ OpenDarwin Cadre Team and Administrators (July 25, 2006). "OpenDarwin Shutting Down". OpenDarwin Project. Archived from the original on 2006-08-04. http://web.archive.org/spider web/20060804104416/http://opendarwin.org/ .
  22. ^ "PureDarwin Download Page" . http://www.puredarwin.org/downloads .
  23. ^ "Security Enhanced Darwin". SEDarwin. 2007-01-22. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. http://spider web.archive.org/web/20111005174023/http://world wide web.sedarwin.org/ .
  24. ^ "What'south New In Mac OS Ten: Mac Os X v10.5". Mac Os 10 Reference Library. Apple Inc. 2009-11-13. Archived from the original on 2009-12-08. http://spider web.archive.org/web/20091208233045/http://developer.apple tree.com/Mac/library/releasenotes/MacOSX/WhatsNewInOSX/Manufactures/MacOSX10_5.html .
  25. ^ "http://world wide web.ertos.nicta.com.au/software/darbat/home.pml | ERTOS | NICTA". Ertos.nicta.com.au. 2007-05-09. http://www.ertos.nicta.com.au/software/darbat/ . Retrieved 2010-07-12.
  26. ^ yuriwho (2002-05-05). "WirelessDriver Home Page". Wirelessdriver.sourceforge.net. http://wirelessdriver.sourceforge.net/ . Retrieved 2010-07-12.
  27. ^ "iwi2200 Darwin". SourceForge. 2009-03-27. http://sourceforge.internet/projects/iwi2200 . Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  28. ^ "Port BSD tulip driver(s) to Darwin Bone | Download Port BSD tulip driver(due south) to Darwin Bone software for free at". Sourceforge.cyberspace. http://sourceforge.net/projects/darwin-tulip/ . Retrieved 2010-07-12.
  29. ^ "RealTek network driver for MacOSX/Darwin". SourceForge. 2006-03-15. http://sourceforge.internet/projects/darwin-rtl8139 . Retrieved 2010-06-03. Project inactive since 2006-03-15.
  30. ^ fansui, et al. (2007-08-01). "RTL8150LMEthernet". SourceForge. http://sourceforge.net/projects/rtl8150lm . Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  31. ^ "ZyXEL Modem Drivers for Os 10/Darwin | Download ZyXEL Modem Drivers for OS X/Darwin software for costless at". Sourceforge.net. 2002-05-14. http://sourceforge.net/projects/darwinmodems . Retrieved 2010-07-12.
  32. ^ "Mac Bone X PC Card ATA Commuter". Pccardata.sourceforge.cyberspace. 2001-12-twenty. http://pccardata.sourceforge.internet/ . Retrieved 2010-07-12.
  33. ^ "Mac OS 10 Ext2 Filesystem | Download Mac Os X Ext2 Filesystem software for free at". Sourceforge.net. 2002-10-14. http://sourceforge.cyberspace/projects/ext2fsx/ . Retrieved 2010-07-12.
  34. ^ "ext2 filesystem in user space". SourceForge. 2008-07-14. http://sourceforge.internet/projects/ext2fuse . Retrieved 2010-06-13.

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Tags: Darwin (operating system), Informatika, Komputer, ii 3077, Darwin (operating system) Darwin Company / developer Apple Inc, Programmed in C C OS family Unix Working country Electric current Source model Open source Latest stable release xiii.0.0 [edit] (June 11 2012) [±] Latest unstable release [±] Supported platforms PowerPC x86 ARM Kernel type Hybrid Default user interface Command line interface License Generally Apple Public Source License with proprietary drivers [, Darwin (operating system), Bahasa Indonesia, Contoh Instruksi, Tutorial, Referensi, Buku, Petunjuk kuliahkaryawan, widyakartika.ac.id



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